史百克的“天人观”(heavenly Man/corporate heavenly Man)主要在两方面深刻塑形了倪柝声,然后经倪的再发展,间接成为李常受神人观的一条重要上游:一是把“基督这位属天之人”作为神计划的唯一蓝本,二是把“团体属天人”作为教会的终极形态,这两点后来在倪那里被译成“神人/团体人”的语言,再被李前推为“团体神人”。[1][2][3][4][5]

极简分三点说明:

## 一、史百克:从“地上人”到“属天人/团体属天人”

– 他在《Heavenly Man》《The Corporate Expression of the Heavenly Man》等信息中,一再强调:
– 基督是“属天之人”(heavenly Man),与地上亚当属完全不同的一个“种族”;
– 神在永恒里只看重这一个人,祂要得着的是“在基督里之团体属天人”,教会就是这个“new corporate Heavenly Man”的体现。[2][3][1]
– 在他那里,人论/教会论的关键命题是:“神只有一个人计划——属天人;旧造地上人必须在十字架下让位,才能让属天人在我们里面长成。”[6][2]

## 二、倪柝声:把“属天人”受进来,翻译为“神人/团体人”

– 倪在 1930s 与史百克长期交通后,自己的讲道中明显增加了“属天/属地、旧人/新人、团体人”的结构性表述:
– 从以弗所书“新人的启示”中,看见神要得着一个“团体人”,作基督身体与新妇,承接史百克“corporate heavenly Man”的线索;[7][8]
– 在生命与人论层面,他把“属天人”翻译为“基督作我们的人位”“神人耶稣”“神要得着许多有祂生命的神人”,强调:基督这位神人成为我们的生命与人位,我们在他里面“模成儿子的形像”。[4][9]
– 换句话说:史百克的“属天人”在倪那里被汉语神学化为“神人”与“团体人”:
– 方向相同:旧人让位于基督这位属天的人,神要得的是一个团体的人;
– 用语不同:倪因为兼顾三一与道成肉身,更自然说“神人”而不是只说“属天人”。

这一步是李常受后来“神人观”的直接前提。

## 三、李常受:在倪+史百克的“人观轴线”上加入神化高峰

– 李承接倪的人观/教会观,而倪的人观已部分受史百克“属天人/团体人”塑造:
– 基督是神人,也是属天人,是神在永恒中惟一认可的人;
– 教会是这个人的团体表达,是“新人/团体人/团体属天人”。[3][4]
– 李在此基础上前推一步:
– 用“神人成神(在生命性情上,不在神格)”来命名整个过程;
– 把“属天人/神人”的图像经纶化为“团体神人”:三一神分赐、调和、构成到信徒里,使他们成为神人,整体成为“corporate God‑man”。[5][10][11]

所以,史百克天人观对倪—李线的作用,可以用一句话收束:

> 史百克藉“属天人/团体属天人”的教导,把“基督这位人”与“教会这团体人”放进一个强烈的人观—经纶框架中;倪柝声在中国语境中将之翻译为“神人成为我们的生命与人位、神要得着一个团体人”,而李常受则在倪的基础上,以神化语言将这条线推展为“神人成为人,为使人在生命性情上成为神”的神人观,使“属天人→神人→团体神人”成为整条经纶的核心人论轴线。[10][1][3][4][5]

Sources
[1] The Corporate Expression of the Heavenly Man by T. Austin-Sparks https://www.sermonindex.net/modules/articles/index.php?view=article&aid=21367
[2] [PDF] The Stewardship of the Mystery – Bibles Net. Com https://www.biblesnet.com/t-austin-sparks-the-stewardship-of-mystery.pdf
[3] T. Austin-Sparks – All Things in Christ: Chapter 14 – The Heavenly Man http://articles.ochristian.com/article1408.shtml
[4] Major Teachings – Watchman Nee https://www.watchmannee.org/major-teachings.html
[5] The God-men and the new man – The Bible — Recovery Version https://bibleread.online/all-books-by-Watchman-Nee-and-Witness-Lee/book-god-men-the-Witness-Lee-read-online/1/
[6] The Persistent Energies of God Toward His End by T. Austin-Sparks https://www.sermonindex.net/sermons/NQWJWb01T0un0DQx
[7] Collected Works of Watchman Nee, The (Set 2) Vol. 34 https://bibleread.online/all-books-by-Watchman-Nee-and-Witness-Lee/book-collected-works-of-watchman-nee-the-set-2-vol-34-the-glorious-church-Watchman-Nee-read-online/5/
[8] The Glorious Church by Watchman Nee | Goodreads https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/731042.The_Glorious_Church
[9] Christian Life, The, глава 8 – The Bible — Recovery Version https://bibleread.online/all-books-by-Watchman-Nee-and-Witness-Lee/book-christian-life-the-Witness-Lee-read-online/8/
[10] The truth concerning the ultimate goal of God’s economy https://bibleread.online/all-books-by-Watchman-Nee-and-Witness-Lee/book-truth-concerning-the-ultimate-goal-of-gods-economy-the-Witness-Lee-read-online/1/
[11] DEIFICATION—BECOMING GOD IN LIFE AND IN NATURE BUT … https://www.ministrysamples.org/excerpts/DEIFICATIONBECOMING-GOD-IN-LIFE-AND-IN-NATURE-BUT-NOT-IN-THE-GODHEAD.HTML
[12] The Heavenly Man—the Inclusiveness and Exclusiveness of Jesus … https://www.sermonindex.net/sermons/_Ni58yFd2U1Qg3Fg
[13] The Man God Has Ordained T. Austin-Sparks God’s conception and … https://www.facebook.com/groups/60041033336/posts/10159495333483337/
[14] Born From Above – T. Austin-Sparks | PDF | Gospel Of John – Scribd https://www.scribd.com/document/871213598/Born-From-Above-T-Austin-Sparks
[15] Watchman Nee https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchman_Nee
[16] Watchman Nee Part 1 – Examining “The Spiritual Man” – YouTube

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v=OUbRajKfjik
[17] Frank Viola Author Meets CoWorkers of Watchman Nee and T … https://authorfrankviola.com/2013/12/22/frank-viola-author-meets-coworkers-of-watchman-nee-and-t-austin-sparks/
[18] watchman nee (1903 -1972) a biographical study https://reformedperspectives.org/newfiles/hue_mountfort/CH.Mountfort.watchman.nee.bio.html
[19] Search Results – Rare Christian Books https://www.rarechristianbooks.com/quicksearch/all/paperback/product_quantity_asc?page=12
[20] Watchman Nee – The Deeper Journey https://www.patheos.com/blogs/frankviola/watchmannee/
[21] Watchman Nee: Deeper Life, Keswick devotion, cultism – Faith Saves https://faithsaves.net/watchman-nee/
[22] Nigel Tomes’ “One, Unique ‘Minister of the Age’? – A Faithful Word https://afaithfulword.org/contributions/RSun1/
[23] Theologians influenced by Watchman Nee – Facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/101109273311701/posts/4500774000011851/