從奧古斯丁到拉納,三一論大致走過一條「由本體優先、
## 一、奧古斯丁:本體三一作為西方典範
– 奧古斯丁在《論三位一體》中以「一實質三位格」為核心,
– 他嚴格區分神在自己裡的永恆關係(ad intra)與向外的差遣(ad extra),強調外在之工不分,但差遣真實顯明內在關係,
## 二、中世紀與新經院:教義定型與抽象化
– 經尼西亞、君士坦丁堡、迦克墩等會議後,
– 近代天主教新經院思潮常被批評將三一論推向抽象哲學化,
## 三、20 世紀前半:從巴特開始的「經世」轉向
– 卡爾‧巴特等人在 20 世紀初重新把三一論放回啟示與救恩論的中心,
– 同時,自由主義與存在主義神學對個體救恩經驗的強調,
## 四、拉納:Rahner’s Rule 的提出與意義
– 拉納指出天主教神學中三一論被邊緣化,甚至「
– 他提出著名公理:「經世三一就是内在三一,
– 啟示論上:
– 本體上:這位在歷史中行動並自我溝通的,正是那一位内在三一神,
## 五、從奧古斯丁到拉納:延續與斷裂
– 延續面:
– 拉納承繼奧古斯丁的基本正統架構:一實質三位格、
– 斷裂與修正面:
– 拉納批評西方傳統(以奧古斯丁式心理類比為代表)
– 然而學界也指出:拉納對奧古斯丁的批評部分失之簡化,
## 六、當代反思:在拉納之後的「生命」
– 後拉納時期,三一論出現廣泛的「社會三一論」「關係本體論」
– 新近研究傾向認為:
– 應肯定拉納促成的三一論復興與救恩取向,也重讀奧古斯丁,
– 未來路向在於:既保持内在/經世「不可分」的互相關聯,又維持「
如果你希望,我可以把這條歷史線壓縮成一張「
Sources
[1] An Assessment of Rahner’s Revitalization of Trinitarian Theology https://churchlifejournal.nd.
[2] Historical development of trinitarian doctrine in Roman Catholicism https://verbumetecclesia.org.
[3] (PDF) Karl Rahner Between Augustine and the Cappadocians https://www.academia.edu/
[4] The Trinity—Yesterday, Today and the Future – The Gospel Coalition https://www.
[5] [PDF] AUGUSTINE IN CONTEMPORARY TRINITARIAN THEOLOGY https://theologicalstudies.
[6] Immanent and Economic Trinity https://www.saet.ac.uk/
[7] [PDF] 以心靈凝視永恆的上帝- 再論奧古斯丁三一神學 – taitheo https://ir.taitheo.org.tw/
[8] Revisiting Rahner: On the Theological Status of Trinitarian Theology https://journals.sagepub.com/
[9] Karl Rahner’s Major Contribution to the Logical Coherence of the … https://cathedral.org.sg/
[10] [PDF] Renczes Fundamental Axiom in the Patristic Perspective.pdf https://www.unigre.it/unigre/
[11] Augustine, Rahner, and Trinitarian Exegesis – Bloomsbury Publishing https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/
[12] Augustine, Rahner, and Trinitarian Exegesis: An Exploration of … https://www.cambridge.org/
[13] Life After Rahner’s Rule – The Scriptorium Daily https://scriptoriumdaily.com/
[14] Rahner’s Rule – Theopolis Institute https://theopolisinstitute.
[15] Augustine, Rahner, and Trinitarian Exegesis – (T&t Clark Studies in … https://www.target.com/p/
[16] Karl Rahner and the Unspoken Framework of (Much of) Modern … https://onepeterfive.com/karl-