## 垄断型国家教会削弱“供给动力”
– 垄断降低“努力程度”
– 在许多欧洲国家，历史上的天主教会或路德宗／
– 宗教市场理论认为，垄断教会缺乏提供高质量讲道、礼仪、
– 垄断减少教派多样性
– 一个强势国家教会可以满足的“宗教偏好光谱”较窄，
– 相比之下，美国等高竞争环境中，
## 部分“市场开放”后出现的滞后与迟缓
– 法律上放松，文化上仍“冷淡”
– 即便战后欧洲逐步放松国家教会特权、承认宗教自由，
– 有研究指出，欧洲的宗教市场虽比过去多元，但与美国相比仍然“
– 竞争压力来得太晚、太弱
– 当福音派或移民教会在欧洲开始活跃时，
– 宗教市场理论的“竞争提高活力”效果，
## 供给端解释与世俗化理论的对话
– 供给端视角的强调
– 宗教市场理论主张：欧洲的宗教衰退，不只是“
– 换言之，是教会“没有好好经营市场”，而非人类普遍“超越了”
– 与世俗化理论的张力
– 但也有研究指出，仅靠市场结构无法完全解释欧洲宗教衰退：
– 当前学界多倾向折衷：宗教市场竞争帮助解释“
简言之，从宗教市场竞争的角度看，欧洲宗教衰退可以被理解为：
Sources
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[4] Theory of religious economy – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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[6] Religious market theory | sociologytwynham.com https://sociologytwynham.com/
[7] Cross-National Trends in Religious Service Attendance – PMC https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[8] Why Evangelical Churches Struggle in Europe – Three Worlds https://www.three-worlds.com/
[9] Explained: Is church attendance falling in Europe? | News Analysis https://www.
[10] [PDF] Secularization Theory and Religion – Matt Golder http://mattgolder.com/files/
[11] Religiosity Decline in Europe: Age, Generation, and the Mediating … https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[12] [PDF] Religion-Market Theory: A Qualitative Theory Testing https://journal.lasigo.org/
[13] Religious Market Theory – YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?
[14] How religion declines around the world | Pew Research Center https://www.pewresearch.org/
[15] The Religious Market – jstor https://www.jstor.org/stable/
[16] Religious decline was the key to economic development in the 20th … https://theconversation.com/
